Thursday, December 26, 2019
French Superlative Adverbs - Adverbs Superlatifs
Superlative adverbs express absolute superiority or inferiority. Superiority, the idea that something is the most ___ or the ___est, is expressed with le plus ___ in French. Inferiority, meaning that something is the least ___, is stated with le moins ___. Notes About French Superlatives Unlike comparatives, French superlatives require the definite article. For example, Il est le plus grand - Hes the tallest.Superlatives are most commonly used with adjectives, but you can also use them with adverbs, verbs, and nouns. These comparisons have slightly different constructions for each part of speech. Click in the summary table below for detailed lessons. French Superlative Constructions Superlatives with... Required word order Adjectives le plus/moins + adjective + noun or le + noun + le plus/moins + adjective Adverbs le plus/moins + adverb Nouns le plus/moins + de + noun Verbs verb + le plus/moins  Comparing With Adjectives French superlatives have three parts: definite article, superlative word (either plus or moins), and adjective. For example:Adjective: vert (green)   le plus vert (the greenest)   le moins vert (the least green)Like all adjectives, the adjectives used in superlatives have to agree with the nouns that they modify, and therefore have different forms for masculine, feminine, singular, and plural. In addition, the article that goes in front of the superlative also needs to agree with the noun.Masculine singular   le plus vert (the greenest)   le moins vert (the least green)Feminine singular   la plus verte (the greenest)   la moins verte (the least green)Masculine plural   les plus verts (the greenest)   les moins verts (the least green)Feminine plural   les plus vertes (the greenest)   les moins vertes (the least green)Note: The above is true for all adjectives except bon and mauvais, which have special superlative forms for superiority. Superlative Constructions With Adjectives 1. Adjective plus noun:When using a superlative with an adjective to modify a noun, theres one more thing you have to think about: word order. Most French adjectives follow the nouns they modify, but there are some adjectives that precede nouns, and the same is true for superlatives.a) With adjectives that follow the noun, the superlative also follows. In addition, the definite article precedes both the noun and the superlative. For example:   David est là ©tudiant le plus fier.   David is the proudest student.   Cest la voiture la moins chà ¨re.   Its the least expensive car.b) With adjectives that precede the noun, you have a choice: you can use the above construction, or you can have the superlative precede the noun. If you choose the latter, you need only one definite article.   David est le garà §on le plus jeune.   David est le plus jeune garà §on.   David is the youngest boy.   Cest la fleur la plus jolie.   Cest la plus jolie fleur.   Thats the prettiest flower.2. Adjective on its ownIf the noun that you are referring to has already been stated or implied, you can leave it out:   David est le plus fier   David is the proudest.br/>   Ayant considà ©rà © trois voitures, jai achetà © la moins chà ¨re.   Having considered three cars, I bought the cheapest (one).3. Adjective plus deWith either of the above constructions, you can add de plus whatever you are comparing to:   Jai achetà © la voiture la moins chà ¨re de la ville.   I bought the cheapest car in town.   David est le plus fier de tous mes à ©tudiants.   David is the proudest of all my students.4. Adjective plus queWith either 1 or 2, above, you can add que plus a clause that provides more detail. Th e verb in the clause may need to be in the subjunctive.   Jai achetà © la voiture la moins chà ¨re que jaie pu trouver.   I bought the cheapest car I could find.   Elle est la plus jolie que je connaisse.   Shes the prettiest that I know. Comparing with Adverbs French superlatives with adverbs are very similar to the ones with adjectives. Once again, there are three parts: definite article le, superlative word (either plus or moins), and adverb. For example:Adverb: prudemment (carefully)   le plus prudemment (the most carefully)   le moins prudemment (the least carefully)Note: The above is true for all adverbs except bien, which has a special superlative form for superiority.But there are some differences: Adverbs dont agree with the words they modify, so the definite article in superlatives doesnt either - it is always le.Superlative adverbs always follow the verbs they modify.Because they follow the verb, superlatives with adverbs never have two definite articles, the way they sometimes do with adjectives. Superlative Constructions With Adverbs 1. Adverb on its own   David à ©crit le plus lentement.   David writes the most slowly.   Qui travaille le moins efficacement ?   Who works the least efficiently?2. Adverb with de   David à ©crit le plus lentement de mes à ©tudiants.   David writes the most slowly of my students.   Qui travaille le moins efficacement de ce groupe ?   Who works the least efficiently in this group?3. Adverb with clause   Voici le musà ©e que je visite le plus souvent.   Heres the museum I visit most often.   Jean est là ©tudiant qui travaille le moins efficacement.   Jean is the student who works least efficiently. Comparing With Nouns Superlatives with nouns have four parts: definite article le, superlative word (either plus or moins), de, and the noun. For example:Noun: argent (money)   le plus dargent (the most money)   le moins dargent (the least money) Superlative Constructions With Nouns 1. Noun on its own   Cest David qui a le plus de questions.   David has the most questions.   Nicholas achà ¨te le moins de livres.   Nicholas buys the fewest books.2. Noun with preposition   Qui a trouvà © le plus derreurs dans ce texte ?   Who found the most mistakes in this passage?   Jai visità © le moins de pays de tous mes amis.   Ive visited the fewest countries out of all my friends. Comparing With Verbs Superlatives with verbs have three parts: verb, definite article le, and superlative word (either plus or moins). For example:Noun: à ©tudier (to study)   à ©tudier le plus (to study the most)   à ©tudier le moins (to study the least) Superlative Constructions With Verbs 1. Verb on its own   David à ©crit le plus.   David writes the most.   Qui travaille le moins ?   Who works the least?   Ce qui ma choquà ©Ã‚ le plus, cà ©tait le mensonge.   What shocked me the most was the lie.2. Verb with de   David à ©crit le plus de mes à ©tudiants.   David writes the most out of my students.   Qui travaille le moins de ce groupe ?   Who works the least in this group?   Ce que jaime le moins de tout à §a, cest le prix.   What I like least of all / least in all this is the price.
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
Health Risks Of The United States - 1524 Words
According to the US Department of Health and Human Services unhealthy eating and physical inactivity are the leading causes of death in the United States. Every year, 300,000 to 600,000 deaths result from unhealthy eating and inactivity (CSPI). Health risk behaviors are the main contributors to the nation’s rising premature death rate in the last twenty-five years. Heath related diseases have begun to span across several generations and is no longer limited to adults. The rise in obesity and malnutrition has resulted in children suffering from diseases that were once considered â€Å"adult†diseases. Many children are dying sooner then expected, and this generation of children is projected to â€Å"be the first generation of children who live†¦show more content†¦Conveniences such as telephones, escalators, and remote controls make life easier and less actively involved. These new advancements cause Americans to â€Å" store more calories instead of burning t hem off.†The less calories burned the more susceptible Americans are to weight gain. On average, Americans consume 200 more calories a day than they did year’s prior. The stigma of the sedentary lifestyle is not limited to working. Many sedentary habits develop at ones home. Watching television and playing on the computer have proven to be one of the least engaging metabolic activities. Riding, driving and reading have proven to have higher metabolic rates then watching television or playing a game on the computer. Working and watching television consumes many American’s time (Medical Center). Based on a study done in 2012 the average American under the age of two watches approximately thirty-four hours of live television a week and three to six hours watching taped programs a week (Hinckley). In the end, a small fraction of the day is left to burn calories and raise ones metabolic rate (Medical Center). Americans busy life styles and stress cause them to eat and their bodies suffer the repercussions of their stressors. Though Americans sedentary lifestyles do not support burning calories, controlling calorie intake can reduce Americans chance of
Monday, December 9, 2019
Does The Violence On Television Effect Our free essay sample
Children Essay, Research Paper # 8220 ; Children don # 8217 ; t of course kill. It is a erudite accomplishment. And they learn it from maltreatment and force in the place and, most pervasively, from force as amusement in telecasting, the films, and synergistic picture games, # 8221 ; ( Oliver Stone, 1995 ) . Children today can see person acquire changeable or killed on the telecasting and mime that act at really immature age. But it is non until the age of about 8 or 9, that the kids really understand what is traveling on. ( Oliver Stone, 1995 ) Violence is defined as # 8220 ; any open word picture of the usage of physical force, or the believable menace of such force, intended to physically harm an animate being or a group or beings. # 8221 ; ( Salt lake Tribune, 1996 ) Many experts believe that if telecasting engineering had non been developed there would be 10,000 fewer homicides in the U.S, 70,000 fewer colzas, and 700,000 fewer assaults doing hurt. These are the findings to a recent survey from the Journal of the American Medical Association. ( 1997 ) Harmonizing to the National Institute of Mental Health, a study confirmed that violent plans on telecasting lead to aggressive behaviour by kids and adolescents who watch those plans. Children Begin to notice and react to TV really early. By the age of three, kids will volitionally watch a show designed for them 95 % of the clip and will copy person on telecasting as readily as they imitate a unrecorded individual ( Parke and Kavanaugh, 1977 ) . The mean clip kids spend watching telecasting rises from about two and a 30 minutes at the age of five to about four hours a twenty-four hours at age 12. During adolescence, mean viewing clip drops off to three hours a twenty-four hours ( Liebert and Sprafkin,1988 ) Young kids do non treat information in the same manner as grownups. Nor do they hold the experience or opinion to measure what they see. For illustration, kids between the ages of six and 10s may believe that most of what they see on Television is true to life. Since they watch a batch of Television, this makes them peculiarly vulnerable to the negative effects of telecasting. Psychological research has shown three major effects of seeing force on telecasting: 1. Children may go less sensitive to trouble and agony of others. 2. Children may be more fearful of the universe around them. 3. Children may be more likely to act in aggressive or harmful ways towards others. Childs who watch Television are less aroused by violent scenes than those who merely watch a small: in other words, they # 8217 ; re less bothered by force in general, and less likely to see anything incorrect with it. One illustration: in several surveies, those who watched a violent plan alternatively of a nonviolent one were slower to step in or name for aid when, a small subsequently, they saw younger kids contending or playing destructively. Children frequently behave otherwise after they # 8217 ; ve been watching violent plans on Television. In one survey done at Pennsylvania State University ( Eron, 1986 ) , approximately 100 preschool kids were observed both before and after watching telecasting ; some watched sketchs that had a batch of aggressive and violent Acts of the Apostless in them, and others watched shows that didn # 8217 ; Ts have any sort of force. The research workers noticed existent differences between the childs who watched the violent shows and those who watched the nonviolent 1s. # 8220 ; Children who watch the violent shows, or even merely # 8220 ; amusing # 8221 ; sketchs, were more likely to hit out at their playfellows, argue, disobey regulations, leave undertakings unfinished, and were less willing to wait for things than those who watched the nonviolent plans, # 8221 ; says Aletha Huston, Ph.D. , now at the University of Kansas. The consequences of surveies on the effects of televised force are consistent. By watching aggression, kids learn how to be aggressive in new ways, and they besides draw decisions about whether being aggressive to others will convey them wagess ( Huesumann and Eron, 1986 ) . Those kids who see Television characters acquiring what they want by hitting are more likely to strike out themselves in imitation. Even if the telecasting character has a alleged good ground for moving violently ( as when the constabulary officer is shown hiting down a condemnable to protect others ) , this does non do immature kids less likely to copy the aggressive act instead than when there is no good ground for the force ( Liss, Reinhart and Fredrickson, 1983 ) . Childs who prefer violent telecasting shows when they are immature have been found to be more aggressive subsequently on, and this may be associated with problem with the jurisprudence in maturity, ( Huesmann, 1986 ) . Strong designation with a violent Television character and believing that the Television state of affairs is realistic are both associated with greater aggressiveness ( Huesmann and Eron, 1986 ) . In general, boys are more accomplished by violent shows that misss are ( Lefkkowitz, Eron, Walder and Huesmann, 1977 ) . Besides doing kids more likely to move sharply, force on telecasting may hold other harmful effects. First, it may take kids to accept more aggressive behaviour in others ( Drabman and Thomas, 1974 ) . Second, it may do kids more fearful as they come to believe that force is as common in the existent universe as it is on telecasting ( Bryant, Careth and Brown, 1981 ) . But telecasting is non ever a negative influence. There is strong grounds that kids # 8217 ; s shows that were developed to learn academic and societal accomplishments can assist child ren to larn efficaciously. In fact, research suggests that the positive consequence of educational children’s shows likely outweigh the negative effects of exposure to Television force ( Hearold, 1986 ) . For illustration a kid who watches an educational plan such as Sesame Street, will larn some Numberss or letters. Where as, if a kid watches a violent plan such as the â€Å"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, †the kid will merely larn aggressive behaviour. Findingss from the research lab are farther supported by field surveies which have shown the long-range effects of televised force. Leonard Eron, Ph.D. , and his associates at the University of Illinois, found that kids who watched many hours of telecasting force when they were in simple school tended to besides demo a higher degree of aggression behaviour when they became adolescents. By detecting these adolescents until they were 30 old ages old, Dr. Eron found that the 1s who # 8217 ; d watched a batch of Television when they were 8 old ages old, were more likely to be arrested and prosecuted for condemnable Acts of the Apostless when they were grownups. In malice of this accrued grounds, broadcasters and scientists continue to debate the nexus between the screening of Television force and kids # 8217 ; s behaviour. Some broadcasters believe that there is non adequate grounds to turn out that Television force is harmful. But scientists who have studied this issue say that there is a nexus between Television force and aggression, and in 1992, the American Psychological Association # 8217 ; s Task Force on Television and Society published a study cheapness confirms this position. The study entitled Big World, Small Screen: The Role of Television in American Society, shows that the harmful effects of Television force do be. If force on telecasting helps to do kids more aggressive, it is still merely a little portion of the overall job. Other factors in a kid # 8217 ; s life may be far more influential than Television. For illustration, pre-schoolers who were given guns and other # 8220 ; violent # 8221 ; toys to play with were found to perpetrate more aggressive Acts of the Apostless than pre-schoolers who had simply watched a telecasting plan with violent content ( Potts, Hutson and Wright, 1986 ) . Another major factor that determines how aggressive a kid will be is how his or her parents behave. If parents ignore or O.K. of their kid # 8217 ; s aggressive behaviour, or if they lose command excessively easy themselves, a Television control program will non assist. Similarly, if parents themselves exhibit violent behaviour, they serve as function theoretical accounts for their kids. On the other manus, parents who show their kids how to work out their jobs nonviolently and who systematically notice and so praise their kids for happening peaceable solutions excessively their struggles, will hold kids who are less aggressive ( Singer and Singer, 1986 ) . The inquiry of whether or non violence causes aggression in kids can non be answered once and for all for many grounds. Although many surveies have been conducted by psychologists, their findings do non demo that telecasting is the exclusive factor for doing aggression. The Social Learning theory developed by Bandura is the chief statement for the side reasoning that force on telecasting leads to aggression in kids. The societal acquisition theory claims that kids copy violent scenes from telecasting, believing that this type of behaviour is acceptable. All people are persons and therefore it is hard to qualify behaviour. Obviously non every kid who watches # 8220 ; Mighty Morphin Power Rangers # 8221 ; will move sharply after the show. However, research has provided that they are likely to move in an aggressive mode. I can endorse up this theory with my ain personal experiences. At place I have a 5 year-old brother, and after watching a violent prgram or even WWF Wrestling, he is ever wired up and aggressive. There is and tremendous sum of information that supports the impression that force on telecasting does take to aggression in kids. The World Wide Web has 1000s of links into these classs. Most existent life illustrations besides lend themselves to the support of this theory. Although it is true telecasting is non the exclusive cause of aggression, it is one of the prima causes. One of the chief theories back uping the other impression that telecasting force does non take to aggression, is the Cartharsis Theory. This theory claims that watching telecasting force may cut down the sum of aggression in person # 8217 ; s behaviour. Watching the aggressive behaviour is an mercantile establishment for a individual # 8217 ; s ain aggression. Because a individual witnessed the violent act they are less likely, now, to travel out and perpetrate that act. The Cartharsis does back up the hypothesis that force in telecasting does non take to aggressive behaviour. I conclude that there is strong grounds back uping the thought that force on telecasting does take to aggressive behaviour. Of class telecasting is non the exclusive factor in doing aggression, but it is an of import factor. Violence on telecasting can do aggressive behaviour. Bibliography Imparting Violence: The Economic Market for Violent Television Programming. By James T. Hamilton 1998 I Am A Videocassette recorder: A Book by TV # 8217 ; s Number 1 Critic About Sex A ; Violence, Dynasty A ; Dallas, T A ; A, N.Y. , Drugs, Roone Arledge, A ; Hero Cars. By Marvin Kitman 1988 Interrupting Your Child # 8217 ; s Television Addiction. By David Pearce Demers 1988. Television Violence: A Child # 8217 ; s Eye View ( Advances in Psychology, Vol 32 ) By T. Van Der Voort 1998
Monday, December 2, 2019
Winfield Refuse Management Case Study Analysis free essay sample
What are the annual cash outlays associated with the bond issue? The common stock issue/ The bond principal repayment will be $6. 25 million annually. The cash dividends will be $7. 5 million annually on additional stock. 2. How do you respond to each director’s assessment of the financing decision? The following assessments were given during the last board meeting: †¢Andrea Winfield considered issuing bonds was not a good option for financing the acquisition. She was particularly concerned about the increasing long-term debt and annual cash layout of $ 6.25 million for 15 years. We believe that her concerns are justified, because the Company had already significant amount of debt that could result in higher risks and stock price fluctuation. However, Andrea neglected the advantage of the tax shield the Company could use if issuing bonds: the lower discount rate of 4. 225% could be applied to discount the cash layouts over 15 years’ period. †¢Joseph Winfield calculated the annual dividends payout of . We will write a custom essay sample on Winfield Refuse Management Case Study Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5 million and was convinced that the Company could service the dividends using their after-tax earnings. We believe that he overlooked the fact that the benefits of the new entity will be shared amongst the new and existing stockholders on the basis of earnings, not dividends alone. Therefore, earnings per share will decrease even if dividends per share is maintained. †¢Ted Kale was concerned about a low issuance price of new stock and diluting the management control by issuing stock. Ted’s concerns are justified: the main task of the management is to maximize the shareholders’ value, i. e. to increase the stock’s price. There was a certain risk of dissatisfying shareholders and pricing new stock close to the lowest stock price of the year ($17. 55). †¢Joseph Tendi and Naomi Ghonche supported Ted’s concerns and added that the company’s EPS would be diluted to $1. 91, whereas debt could increase EPS to $2. 51. We agree that EPS would be diluted due to the increased number of shares, however there would be no direct impact on the earnings, whereas the debt would reduce the earnings by the interest expense. Issuing bonds in the case would be a better option, as even with the annual principal repayments EPS would be higher and the Company would still enjoy the tax shield. †¢James Gitanga was not sure about the unusual capital structure of the Company, avoiding the long-term debt. We believe that the long-term capital structure across the industry was pre-determined by the high capital expenditures and steady cash inflows. Thus, issuing long-term debt was more preferable. Besides, by issuing debt they would enjoy the tax shield since interest on long-term debt is tax-deductible. 3. How should the acquisition of MPIS be financed, taking into account the issues of control, flexibility, income and risk? Cash flows from Stock Offering (in Million Dollars) Proceeds from Stock offering $ 125. 025 Annual Dividend Payments $ (7. 50) Every year forever PV of payouts $ (125. 000) NPV $ 0. 025 Notes: In case they finance with debt, Winfield (the company) would be able to enjoy the tax shield as a result of tax deductible interest expense, hence their effective cost of debt will be 4. 225%. However, when financed with stock, the new stockholders will be entitled to perpetuity of $7.5M in dividends. Working out the net present values of the two scenarios as shown in the tables above, Debt financing becomes a favorable option to stock since it yields a higher NPV. Stock price Analysis Combined Entity MPI Winfield Debt Financed Stock Financed P/E Ratio 17. 4 17. 4 17. 4 17. 4 EPS 0. 7 1. 83 2. 51 1. 91 Price= (P/E)*EPS 12. 18 31. 842 43. 674 33. 234 Number of Outstanding shares (in Millions) 15 15 15 22. 5 Market Capitalization (in Millions) 182. 7 477. 63 655. 11 747. 765 Transaction Value 125M. Making an assumption that both Winfield and MPI’s stocks performed as the waste management industry average, their respective P/E ratio will be 17. 4 and it turns out that MPI’s transaction values is undervalued as well as Winfield’s stock. It therefore follows that use of stock would be a double gain to the new stockholders since they be buying an undervalued Winfield stock and by extension, gaining from Winfield’s acquisition of undervalued MPI. Similarly, the combined entity’s stock price is likely to rise marginally if the acquisition is financed by stock as compared to Debt financing which yields a higher price potential.
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